Planning for the CCNA Certifcation Exam

If you have already decided to give the online CCNA certification exam, then its time to plan now, Remember "if you fail to plan
then you are planning to fail"

Some of you might be in a plan to study CCNA materials and understand the concept and may not have the intention of appearing for
the test. Nothing wrong in that, Ultimate goal should be to master the CCNA skills which is essential in framing your career.
I personally suggest that getting your CCNA certification gives you more value in the market.

Clearing the CCNA exam in not a big deal, but what matters is how much knowledge you are gaining out of the course.

one key rule is read always, not only certification point of view, But throughout your career. Reading contents relevant to your
profession for atleast 1 hour per day will put you under top 20 percent people in your field. It is proven.


The CCNA syllabus created by Cisco is fine tuned, which is in synch with the latest technology in the industry.
As the matter of fact, Cisco is good in framing syllabus as per the practical requirement of the Industry.


Your psychology plays a key role when it comes to your interest in reading books. If you dont belong to the group, so called readers, then
you are missing something vital in life.

Master the fundamentals

Always keep this point in mind, Master the networking fundamentals. The key to success in networking is mastering the basics.
Only then you can build a solid networking skill above it. This will be beneficial during troubleshooting process as well.
So, Master the basics.

CCNA Question and Answer

1 As system administrator, you type "debug ipx sap" and
receive the following lines as part of the IOS response:
type 0x4, "HELLO2", 199.0002.0003.0006 (451), 2 hops
type 0x4, "HELLO1", 199.0002.0003.0008 (451), 2 hops
What does "0x4" signify?

A. That is a Get Nearest Server response.
B. That it is a General query.
C. That it is a General response.
D. That it is a Get Nearest Server request.

Ans A




3 To monitor ipx traffic on a network, what command would you use?

A. debug ipx transaction
B. show ipx traffic
C. show ipx events
D. display ipx traffic

Ans B




4 What command would you use to find out the names of Novell
servers on a network?





A. show ipx servers
B. show ipx hosts
C. show ipx sap
D. show ipx nodes.

Ans A

5 The "ipx delay number" command will allow an administrator to change the
default
settings. What are the default settings?

A. For LAN interfaces, one tick; for WAN interfaces, six
ticks
B. For LAN interfaces, six ticks; for WAN interfaces, one
tick
C. For LAN interfaces, zero ticks; for WAN interfaces, five
ticks
D. For LAN interfaces, five ticks; for WAN interfaces, zero
Ticks

Ans A
The default is--for LAN interfaces, one tick;
for WAN interfaces, six ticks

6 As a system administrator, you need to set up one Ethernet
interface on the Cisco router to allow for both sap and
Novell-ether encapsulations. Which set of commands will
accomplish this?

A. interface ethernet 0.1
ipx encapsulation Novell-ether
ipx network 9e
interface ethernet 0.2
ipx network 6c

B. interface ethernet 0
ipx encapsulation Novell-ether
ipx network 9e
interface ethernet 0
ipx encapsulation sap
ipx network 6c

C. interface ethernet 0.1
ipx encapsulation Novell-ether
interface ethernet 0.2
ipx encapsulation sap




D. interface ethernet 0.1
ipx encapsulation Novell-ether
ipx network 9e
interface ethernet 0.2
ipx encapsulation sap
ipx network 6c

Ans D


The following commands setup the subinterfaces
to allow for two types of encapsulation:
interface ethernet 0.1
ipx encapsulation Novell-ether
ipx network 9e
interface ethernet 0.2
ipx encapsulation sap
ipx network 6c

7 What does the "IPX maximum-paths 2" command accomplish?

A. It enables load sharing on 2 paths if the paths are equal
metric paths.
B. It sets up routing to go to network 2.
C. It is the default for Cisco IPX load sharing.
D. It enables load sharing on 2 paths if the paths are
unequal metric paths.

Ans A
It enables load sharing on 2 paths if the paths
are equal metric paths. The default is 1 path and the
maximum is 512 paths.

8 You want to enable both arpa and snap encapsulation on one
router interface. How do you do this?

A. The interface can handle multiple encapsulation types
with no extra configuration.
B. Assign two network numbers, one for each encapsulation
type.
C. Enable Novell-ether to run multiple encapsulation types.
D. Both arpa and snap are enabled by default so you don't
have to configure anything.

Ans B
To assign multiple network numbers, you usually
use subinterfaces. A sample configuration follows:
ipx ethernet 0.1
ipx encapsulation novell-ether
ipx network 9e




interface ethernet 0.2
ipx encapsulation sap
ipx network 6c

8 By default, Cisco routers forward GNS SAPs to remote networks.

A. False
B. True

Ans A

GNS is Novell's protocol to Get Nearest Server.
If there is a server on the local network, that server will
respond. If there isn't, the Cisco router has to be
configured to forward the GNS SAP.

9 To prevent Service Advertisements (SAPs) from flooding a
network, Cisco routers do not forward them. How are
services advertised to other networks?

A. Each router builds its own SAP table and forwards that
every 60 seconds.
B. Each router assigns a service number and broadcasts
that.
C. SAPs aren't necessary with Cisco routers.
D. Cisco routers filter out all SAPs.

Ans: A
Cisco routers build SAP tables and forward the
table every 60 seconds. All SAPs can't be filtered even
with 4.x since NDS and time synchronization uses SAPs.

10 Novell's implementation of RIP updates routing tables every
____ seconds.

A. 60
B. 90
C. 10
D. 30

Ans A
Novell's RIP updates routing tables every 60
seconds, Apple's RTMP is every 10 seconds, routers ARP every
60 seconds, IGRP signal every 90 seconds,
and Banyan VINES signals every 90 seconds.




11 In Novell's use of RIP, there are two metrics used to make
routing decisions. Select the two metrics.

A. Ticks.
B. Hops
C. Loops
D. Counts

Ans:A &B
It first uses ticks (which is about 1/18 sec.);
if there is a tie, it uses hops; if hops are equal, then it
uses an administratively assigned tiebreaker.

12 What is the Cisco name for the encapsulation type used on a
serial interface?

A. HDLC
B. SDLC
C. SAP
D. SNAP

Ans A

13 "arpa" is used by the Cisco IOS for which encapsulation
types?

A. Ethernet_II
B. Ethernet_802.3
C. Ethernet_802.2
D. Ethernet_SNAP

Ans A
Novell's IPX and Cisco's IOS name their
protocols differently. Cisco uses sap for Ethernet_802.2,
Token-Ring, and Novell's FDDI_802.2. Cisco uses snap for
Ethernet_SNAP, Token-Ring_SNAP, and FDDI_SNAP. Cisco uses
arpa for Ethernet_II and, finally the default is
Novell-ether for Novell's Ethernet_802.3.

14 "snap" is used by the Cisco IOS for which encapsulation
types?
A. Ethernet_SNAP
B. Token-Ring_SNAP
C. FDDI_SNAP
D. Novell-SNAP
E. Novell-FDDI.

Ans: A,B &C
Novell's IPX and Cisco's IOS name their
protocols differently. Cisco uses sap for Ethernet_802.2,




Token-Ring, and Novell's FDDI_802.2. Cisco uses snap for
Ethernet_SNAP, Token-Ring_SNAP, and FDDI_SNAP. Cisco uses
arpa for Ethernet_II and, finally the default is
Novell-ether for Novell's Ethernet_802.3.

15"sap" is used by the Cisco IOS for which encapsulation
types?

A. Ethernet_802.2
B. Token-Ring
C. FDDI_SNAP
D. Ethernet_802.3
E. FDDI_802.2

Ans A,B &E

Novell's IPX and Cisco's IOS name their
protocols differently. Cisco uses sap for Ethernet_802.2,
Token-Ring, and Novell's FDDI_802.2. Cisco uses snap for
Ethernet_SNAP, Token-Ring_SNAP, and FDDI_SNAP. Cisco uses
arpa for Ethernet_II and, finally the default is
Novell-ether for Novell's Ethernet_802.3.

16 Which type of Ethernet framing is used for TCP/IP and
AppleTalk?

A. Ethernet 802.3
B. Ethernet 802.2
C. Ethernet II
D. Ethernet SNAP

Ans D
Ethernet 802.3 is used with NetWare versions 2
through 3.11, Ethernet 802.2 is used with NetWare 3.12 and
later plus OSI routing, Ethernet II is used with TCP/IP and
DECnet, and Ethernet SNAP is used with TCP/IP and
AppleTalk.

17 Which type of Ethernet framing is used for TCP/IP and
DECnet?

A. Ethernet 802.3
B. Ethernet 802.2
C. Ethernet II
D. Ethernet SNAP

Ans: C
Ethernet 802.3 is used with NetWare versions 2
through 3.11, Ethernet 802.2 is used with NetWare 3.12 and
later plus OSI routing, Ethernet II is used with TCP/IP and




DECnet, and Ethernet SNAP is used with TCP/IP and AppleTalk.

18 You are a system administrator on a NetWare network, you are
running NetWare 4.11 and you cannot communicate with your
router. What is the likely problem?

A. NetWare 4.11 defaults to 802.2 encapsulation.
B. NetWare 4.11 defaults to 802.3 encapsulation
C. Cisco routers only work with NetWare 3.11.
D. NetWare 3.11 defaults to 802.2 encapsulation.

Ans A
The default encapsulation on Cisco routers is
Novell Ethernet_802.3 and NetWare 3.12 and later defaults to
802.2 encapsulation, 3.11 and earlier defaults to 802.3.

19 NetWare IPX addressing uses a network number and a node
number. Which statements are true?

A. The network address is administratively assigned and can
be up to 16 hexadecimal digits long.
B. The node address is always administratively assigned.
C. The node address is usually the MAC address.
D. If the MAC address is used as the node address, then IPX
eliminates the use of ARP.

Ans A, C &D

The network address can be up to 16
hexadecimal digits in length. The node number is 12
hexadecimal digits. The node address is usually the MAC
address. An example IPX address is 4a1d.0000.0c56.de33.
The network part is 4a1d. The node part is 0000.0c56.de33.
The network number is assigned by the system administrator
of the Novell network.

20 Which NetWare protocol works on layer 3--network layer--of
the OSI model?

A. IPX
B. NCP
C. SPX
D. NetBIOS

Ans A
IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange) is a NetWare
network layer 3 protocol used for transferring information
on LANs.




2 To monitor IP igrp traffic, you can use "debug IP igrp
transaction" or "debug IP igrp events". How do you display
information about IPX routing update packets?

A. debug routing
B. debug ipx transaction
C. debug ipx routing activity
D. debug ipx events

Ans: C

Telecommuter site considerations

•Over the past decade the improvement of WAN technologies, notably DSL and cable modems, has allowed many employees to do their jobs remotely.
•As a result, the number of telecommuters and small offices has increased.
•As with the corporate and branch office solutions, the telecommuter site WAN solution should be selected by weighing cost and bandwidth requirements.

Branch office considerations

•A branch office, commonly referred to as a remote site, typically maintains at least one WAN connection to the central site and may have several links to other remote sites.
•Generally, branch office networks support fewer users than the central site and therefore require less bandwidth.
•Because remote site traffic can be sporadic or bursty, it will be important to determine whether it is more cost-effective to offer a permanent or dialup solution

Central site considerations

•The central site is the focal point of a company network.
•Typically, all remote sites and users must connect to the central site to access information, either intermittently or continuously.
•Because many users access this site in a variety of ways, a router at a central site should have a modular design so that interface modules can be added or swapped as needed.

CSU/DSU - Channel service unit / Data Service Unit

Try to Learn about this device, This is not commonly shown in CCNA Labs.

•






The CSU/DSU provides signal timing for communication and is used for interfacing with the digital transmission facility.

•Essentially, the CSU/DSU is used by a router to connect to a digital line in much the same way that a PC uses a modem to connect to an analog line.

•A CSU/DSU for T1 will typically provide:

–Framing: ESF, D4(SF)

–Line Coding: AMI, B8ZS

–Multiplexing

–Cabling to Router: V.35, RS-232

–(more on these later)
The CSU/DSU may also be built into the router. Like the card shown below.

Master CCNA Commands for all Topics

Cisco Commands are very important to implement and trouble shoot a network. Master CCNA Commands for all the below given Topics.

Download the Command guide here:

http://www.filefactory.com/file/ah64d7a/n/CCNA_commands_rar

Introduction xxi
Part I TCP/IP Version 4
Chapter 1 How to Subnet
Chapter 2 VLSM
Chapter 3 Route Summarization
Part II Introduction to Cisco Devices
Chapter 4 Cables and Connections
Chapter 5 The Command-Line Interface
Part III Configuring a Router
Chapter 6 Configuring a Single Cisco Router
Part IV Routing
Chapter 7 Static Routing
Chapter 8 RIP 75
Chapter 9 EIGRP 81
Chapter 10 Single Area OSPF
Part V Switching 103
Chapter 11 Configuring a Switch
Chapter 12 VLANs 117

ix

Chapter 13 VLAN Trunking Protocol and Inter-VLAN Routing
Chapter 14 STP and EtherChannel
Part VI Extending the LAN
Chapter 15 Implementing a Wireless LAN
Part VII Network Administration and Troubleshooting
Chapter 16 Backing Up and Restoring Cisco IOS Software and
Configurations


x


Chapter 17 Password-Recovery Procedures and the Configuration
Register 193
Chapter 18 Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
Chapter 19 Telnet and SSH
Chapter 20 The ping and traceroute Commands
Chapter 21 SNMP and Syslog
Chapter 22 Basic Troubleshooting
Part VIII Managing IP Services
Chapter 23 Network Address Translation
Chapter 24 DHCP
Chapter 25 IPv6
Part IX WANs 249
Chapter 26 HDLC and PPP
Chapter 27 Frame Relay
Part X Network Security
Chapter 28 IP Access Control List Security
Chapter 29 Security Device Manager

Download the Command guide here:

http://www.filefactory.com/file/ah64d7a/n/CCNA_commands_rar

CCNA Important Questions

Prepare for your CCNA exam from this CCNA question pdf. and
Score high mark in your CCNA Test.

Download here : http://www.4shared.com/file/130461449/fbc5b61f/CCNA_important_Questions.html



You can request for CCNA test Simulator. It will be very comprehensive and interactive.

CCNA Voice Notes

Download this CCNA Voice study guide which will help you in passing the exam.


http://www.4shared.com/file/130455590/feb7f746/CCNA_Voice_Latest.html

Router Memory Components

Learn about Router Memory Components

1.Processor
2.Interfaces
3.Memory


Download this Router Memory ppt from here.


http://www.4shared.com/file/129960703/202a15aa/Router_Memory_Components.html

Different Types of Router Memory

An important part of your Cisco CCENT and CCNA certification studies is learning the differences between RAM, ROM, NVRAM, and Flash memory. You better know the differences when it comes to working in real-life networks as well, because vital Cisco files are found in these memory types - and since some of these files are lost on a router reload and some are not, we better know which is which!

The memory types and functions discussed in this section are the same for routers and switches, but to keep from saying "routers and switches" 500 times, I'll just say "routers". :)
Configuring the routers is a lot of fun, but we've got to know what's going on inside the router, too! Cisco routers have four different kinds of memory, and while some of the names are similar, their purpose is totally different.

The contents of some of these memory types is kept when the router is reloaded, and others are lost on a reload. We better know which is which!

It's a fair bet that these topics will come up on your CCENT and CCNA exams, and this is also information you've got to know to be a real network admin. Let's examine these four memory types closely and see what each one does!

ROM: Read-Only Memory. ROM stores the router's bootstrap startup program, operating system software, and power-on diagnostic test programs (POST).

Flash Memory: Generally referred to simply as "flash", the IOS images are held here. Flash is erasable and reprogrammable ROM. Flash memory content is retained by the router on reload.

RAM: Random-Access Memory. Stores operational information such as routing tables and the running configuration file. RAM contents are lost when the router is powered down or reloaded. By default, routers look here first for an Internetwork Operating System (IOS) file during boot.

NVRAM: Non-volatile RAM. NVRAM holds the router's startup configuration file. NVRAM contents are not lost when the router is powered down or reloaded.

Some important comparisons:
RAM contents are lost on reload, where NVRAM and Flash contents are not. NVRAM holds the startup configuration file, where RAM holds the running configuration file. Let's take a look at the boot process of a Cisco router, and then talk about the dreaded Setup Mode!
The Router Boot Process
When a Cisco router powers up, it first runs a series of POSTs (Power-On Self Test). A POST is a series of diagnostic tests designed to verify the basic operation of the network interfaces, memory, and the CPU.
Depending on the model or router of switch you're using, you can actually see some of these tests being passed. Here, I've reloaded a Cisco 2950 switch, and you can see some of the POSTs being run and passed at the very beginning of the bootup process.
Initializing flashfs...
flashfs[1]: 79 files, 3 directories
flashfs[1]: 0 orphaned files, 0 orphaned directori
flashfs[1]: Total bytes: 7741440
flashfs[1]: Bytes used: 5980672
flashfs[1]: Bytes available: 1760768
flashfs[1]: flashfs fsck took 7 seconds.
flashfs[1]: Initialization complete.
Done initializing flashfs.
POST: System Board Test : Passed
POST: Ethernet Controller Test : Passed
ASIC Initialization Passed
POST: FRONT-END LOOPBACK TEST : Passed
POSTs are particularly effective at detecting major problems early in the boot process, such as a broken fan. If the POST detects such a problem (usually called an "environmental factor") that would cause the router or switch to overheat after booting, the POST will fail, give you a clear message as to why the POST failed, and will then stop the boot process.
But let's speak positively here!
After the router passes the POST, it looks for a source from which to load a valid Internetwork Operating System (IOS). The router has three sources from which it can load an IOS image, and it's a good idea to know these sources and the order in which the router will look in each for the IOS image:
1. Flash memory (the default).
2. A TFTP server. (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
3. Read-Only Memory (ROM)
To change that order, a change must be made to the configuration register, and we'll talk about that later in the course. It's similar to the Microsoft Registry in that you should never change this value unless you are sure of the result.
Once the IOS is found, the router looks for a valid startup configuration file. By default, the router will look for the startup configuration file in Non-volatile RAM (NVRAM).
If no valid startup configuration file is found, the router enters setup mode, where the router runs the system configuration dialogue, a series of questions involving basic router setup. We'll take a look at Setup Mode in the next installment of my exclusive 640-802 CCNA and CCENT certification exam tutorial series!

By,

Chris Bryant

Basic Router Troubleshooting

This CCNA ppt includes only Router Troubleshooting part. This will be very helpful for better understanding.


Download here : http://www.filefactory.com/file/ah50043/n/Router_Troublshoot-CCNA_rar

CCENT CBT -ICND1

CCNA for Beginners

CCNA Beginners go through this video and make networking fundamentals strong.

http://rapidshare.com/files/247923909/CBT.CCNA.CCENT.640-822.ICND1.part01.rar
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http://rapidshare.com/files/247923676/CBT.CCNA.CCENT.640-822.ICND1.part11.rar

CCNA - Command "Auto secure"

In today's article, I'm going to quickly inform you about the Privileged EXEC command named "auto secure".

Network administrators (like you) use the "auto secure" command to secure the management and forwarding planes of a router.

Another way of saying it is, CCNAs use this command to secure a router by disabling common IP services which can be exploited by attackers to initiate network attacks. When the command is typed on a router, it takes the user (ccna) through a command line-interface (CLI) semi-interactive session (which is also known as the AutoSecure dialogue).

Below is the command's syntax:

auto secure [management | forwarding] [no-interact | full] [ntp | login | ssh | firewall | tcp-intercept]

As you can see, the command can use several "optional" keywords:

management - This (optional) keyword is used to only secure the management plane of a router.

forwarding - This (optional) keyword is used to only secure the forwarding plane of a router.

no-interact - A CCNA uses this (optional) keyword if he or she doesn't want to be prompted for any interactive configurations. (If this optional keyword is not used, the user will be shown the noninteractive configuration and the interactive configurations)

full - This (optional) keyword is used to indicate that the user (ccna) wants to be prompted for all interactive questions. (If this optional keyword is not used, the router will behave this way by default)

ntp - This optional keyword is used to specify the configuration of the Network Time Protocol (NTP) feature in the AutoSecure command line-interface (CLI).

login - This (optional) keyword is used to specify the configuration of the Login feature in the AutoSecure CLI.

ssh - This (optional) keyword is used to specify the configuration of the Secure Shell (SSH) feature in the AutoSecure CLI.

firewall - This (optional) keyword is used to specify the configuration of the firewall feature in the AutoSecure CLI.

tcp-intercept - And, this (optional) keyword is used to specify the configuration of the TCP-Intercept feature in the AutoSecure CLI.

Below is an example of the command being used:

Router>enable

Router#auto secure

--- AutoSecure Configuration ---

*** AutoSecure configuration enhances the security of the router, but it will not make it absolutely resistant to all security attacks ***

AutoSecure will modify the configuration of your device. All configuration changes will be shown. For a detailed explanation of how the configuration changes enhance security and any possible side effects, please refer to Cisco.com for Autosecure documentation. At any prompt you may enter '?' for help. Use ctrl-c to abort this session at any prompt.

As you can see, once the command is typed into the router, the user (ccna) is informed about the CLI semi-interactive session.

By Charles E Ross

CCNA Beginners - Its for you

For CCNA Beginners I highly recommend this CCNA PPT.
This material will be useful for easy understanding of Networking. Download it now.


Click Here:

http://www.4shared.com/file/129153577/d2c4c449/CCNA_interactive_Presentation.html


If you going to start CCNA study don't miss this.

CCNA Presentation ppt

This material will be useful for easy understanding. Download it now.

Click here !

CCNA Study Guide(Exam 640-802) -updated

Master all these topics.

TCP/IP Version 4
How to Subnet
VLSM
Route Summarization
Introduction to Cisco Devices
The Command-Line Interface
Configuring a Router
Configuring a Single Cisco Router
Routing
Static Routing
RIP 75
EIGRP
Single Area OSPF
Switching 103
Configuring a Switch
VLANs
VLAN Trunking Protocol and Inter-VLAN Routing
STP and EtherChannel
Extending the LAN
Implementing a Wireless LAN
Network Administration and Troubleshooting
Backing Up and Restoring Cisco IOS Software and
Configurations
Password-Recovery Procedures and the Configuration
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
Telnet and SSH
The ping and traceroute Commands
SNMP and Syslog
Basic Troubleshooting
Managing IP Services
DHCP
IPv6
WANs 249
HDLC and PPP
Frame Relay
Network Security
IP Access Control List Security
Security Device Manager


Download from here :

http://www.filefactory.com/file/ah64g94/n/Sybex_study_guide-_updated_rar

Test Engine- CCNA

Download this Test Engine and Pass your CCNA, It is really good.


Download CCNA Test Engine - Click here